Introduction

Instances of elbow fractures, though common in all ages, are typical in children. With several variants of elbow fractures and their associated risk, particularly neurovascular, prompt and effective diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and management is crucial. Professional medical interventions in addressing the debilitating pain and trauma resulting from such fractures become necessary to prevent further damage to the bones.

This blog focuses on understanding elbow fractures, their types, and the role of orthopedic trauma implants in aiding their recovery, with the sole purpose of providing an insightful look into the topic of elbow fracture treatment and management.

Elbow Fracture and Its Types

The humerus, the radius, and the ulna form a hinge joint called an elbow. The bones, ligaments, muscles, and tendons together hold an elbow. The tip of the elbow is known as the olecranon. Injuries to elbows are common due to accidents, falls, or impact injuries. Elbow fractures could result in displaced bone fragments, causing deformity or open fractures, where the bone fragments could bulge out through the skin.

Elbow fractures are categorized as olecranon fracture (fracture of the part of the ulna that is susceptible to fracture as muscles do not cover it), radial head fracture (fracture of the top of the radius bone, below the elbow), and distal humerus fracture (fracture of the bone connecting the shoulder to the elbow).

A fractured elbow may result in dislocation that could cause visible deformity. Swelling and tenderness or numbness in the affected area, stiffness of the elbow, deformity, pain due to mobility, instability of the broken bone, or bruising are some of the symptoms of a fractured elbow. These symptoms need immediate medical intervention.

Treatment of Elbow Fracture

Once the elbow is diagnosed with a fracture through a CT scan, X-rays, MRI, or musculoskeletal ultrasounds, the healthcare provider may treat the broken bone non-surgically or surgically, depending on the severity of the fracture.

In cases of non-displaced bone fractures, pain and anti-inflammatory medications, elevation methods, physical therapy, casts, splints, or slings are recommended to reduce pain and stabilize fractured bones. A non-displaced fracture means that though the bones are broken, they are not dislocated and can be fixed through external support.

Surgical treatment becomes necessary when the fractured elbow cannot be fixed through non-surgical methods due to dislocation. This is known as open reduction, where the surgeon fixes the fracture through surgery. Elbow fracture surgery involves internal fixation of the fractured bones through physical positioning. The treatment aims to stabilize the dislocated bones and place them together with the help of trauma implants like screws, pins, wires, or plates.

Trauma Implants and Their Role in Treating Elbow Fractures

The various trauma implants that aid elbow fracture fixation and healing are –

• Screws- Screws are simple devices commonly used in internal fixation of broken bones, either alone or in combination with plates, wires or pins. These screws help hold and fix the fracture enabling stability and immobility of the fractured bones for proper healing.
• Plates- Plates act as internal splints that hold the fractured bones together. They may be left in place or removed over time. Plates are indicated for intra-articular fractures, comminuted supracondylar fractures, osteotomies, malunions, and non-unions of the distal humerus, olecranon and/or proximal ulna.
• Pins- Pins are used in supracondylar humerus bone fracture (when the humerus bone above the elbow is fractured), which is common in children when the fall is on the over-stretched arms. In cases of displacement, the fracture is pinned through close or open reduction depending on the need and condition of the fracture. The surgeon treats the fractured elbow through percutaneous pins kept below the cast but outside of the skin.
• Wires- There is an increased risk of non-union in case of lateral humeral condyle fractures and the need for extended internal fixation time. Kirschner wires are used in such fractures and are either buried or non-buried (left protruding from the skin). These wires require fewer incisions and hence have fewer chances of infection and more of faster healing.

Osteotomy, total elbow replacement, and arthrodesis, among others, are the treatment options for a fractured elbow, requiring surgery due to its severity. Screws, plates, pins, and wires play a vital role in the fixation and stabilization of fractured bones that need proper positioning and reconstruction. In the case of arthrodesis, plates and screws are used to enable the olecranon and the humerus bone to grow together, fusing as one. For total elbow replacement, once the fragmented bones are removed, the humerus and the ulna have implants attached to them, which are fixed to form a joint.

Conclusion

Trauma implants aid bone realignment and fixation, enabling stabilization and reconstruction of the fractured bones. The elbow is one of the most vulnerable body parts to be commonly hurt and fractured through accidental falls and injuries. The pain, discomfort, and trauma resulting from bone fragments are often unbearable and debilitating, disrupting day-to-day activities and everyday living. Untreated or unaddressed fractures may lead to lifetime issues of bone dislocation or deformity and associated hardships of restricted movements and dependence.

Advancement and deployment of trauma implants in orthopedic treatment aid mitigate the pain and suffering associated with fractures while restoring mobility and independence and enriching the lives of patients.

References

https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/elbow-olecranon-fractures/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK4419
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22050-elbow-fractures
https://www.massgeneral.org/orthopaedics/children/conditions-and-treatments/supracondylar-elbow-fractures-followup-care#:~:text=The%20pins%20that%20are%20holding,confirm%20healing%20of%20the%20fracture.

Introduction

The benefits of minimally invasive procedures are noteworthy, known and widely accepted in the medical world. From lesser tissue damage, less pain, faster healing and recovery to quicker return to routine, these benefits have paved the way for laparoscopy to evolve as a progressive alternative for conventional and traditional methods of surgery. Laparoscopy has been evolving, and continuously offering more refined, advanced, expanding and improved surgical outcomes. However, with every coin having two sides, the other side of laparoscopy presented some challenges that needed to be attended to in order to cater to ever changing clinical needs of the healthcare professionals and the patients. Technological advancement in the field of laparoscopy has resulted in the introduction of smart handheld devices to assist the surgeons in laparoscopic surgeries.
Smart handheld devices have been in the news with their role in addressing the challenges of surgical performance in laparoscopic surgeries by the healthcare providers.
Read the blog to gain an understanding about smart handheld devices and their role in laparoscopic surgeries.

Role of Robotic Systems in Laparoscopy

Robotic system assists the surgeon in complex surgical procedures, by –
reducing the potential chances of human error,
enhancing the surgeon’s capabilities, efficacy and performance offering accuracy, and precision
ensuring that the surgical outcomes are not affected by the surgeon’s mental and physical constraints,
offering continuous and consistent performance, being stress and fatigue resistant, unaffected to emotional responses, highly dexterous and efficient in maneuvering complex movements.

What is a smart handheld device in laparoscopy?

A smart handheld device in laparoscopy is a lightweight, well-articulated, dexterous and computer programmed device that imitates the natural hand movements of the surgeon, enabling accuracy, and precision in performing complex surgeries. The device provides ease, comfort, flexibility, and control to surgeons in maneuvering surgical operations.

Role of Handheld Devices in Laparoscopic Surgeries

The need for smart handheld devices in laparoscopic surgeries was felt with surgical challenges posed by minimal invasiveness in gaining access through the incisions to the inner body parts of the patients. The surgeon’s restricted range of motion created difficulty in handling the surgical tools and performing the procedures. The conventional devices required the surgeons to perform repeated movements in restricted motion, which in the long run affected their posture, physical health and overall wellbeing.

Robotic systems paved the way for more transformative surgical procedures with promising accuracy, efficacy and precision, that the conventional surgical tools and instruments lacked with their straight and rigid tips and limited range of motion. The master-slave robots in laparoscopic surgeries require the use of wrist joint and the master console. This master-slave robots lack proximity to the inner organ, require large console with large infrastructure, workflow setup, and high cost.

Smart handheld devices entered the surgical scene with promising outcomes, with the prime goal of bridging the gap between conventional laparoscopic instruments and robotic surgical instruments, ensuring efficacy, dexterity, accuracy and precision like robotic instruments with affordable infrastructure and workflow setup for surgeries.

Future of smart handheld devices

Though robot driven smart handheld instruments have a promising future at the horizon, they are in the early stages of development. The scope of the handheld devices in various laparoscopic surgeries including hernia repairs, gastrointestinal procedures, hysterectomy, prostatectomy, colectomies, to name a few, is noticeable. Several clinical trials are underway to study the use of these devices and this is a sign of its high prospects in the near future. These devices are increasingly in use for laparoscopic surgeries, with their low cost as compared to robotic system, being the major reason.

The benefits these smart handheld devices entail in terms of efficient articulation, ergonomic comfort, ease in use, cost-effectiveness, optimal fitting and functionality, augmenting surgeon’s efficiency, expertise and skills, smooth maneuvering and control of operations offer a bright future for laparoscopy to evolve and revolutionize surgical outcomes and patientcare.

References

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/59483
https://hospitalprofessionalnews.ie/2023/09/25/handheld-robotic-systems-for-minimally-invasive-surgery/

Introduction

Let us make health our forever priority and commitment, not just a resolution for the year ahead!

Year-end is the time for reflection and realization of what is left behind and hopes and aspirations for what lies ahead. It is also the time to appreciate and celebrate, with gratitude, the people in our lives. Gifts are a way to show this appreciation and are precious, always. This new year, make them timeless, too. A gift that adds more to the lives of your loved ones, one that will make them enjoy and treasure every other gift for a lifetime. The gift of healthy living!

You do not need to spend mindlessly on expensive stuff that ends up stacked in the corner sooner or later. You need not buy into the glitter and shimmer of something tangible that does not add value or bring temporary gratification. Instead, invest in something that makes your loved ones’ lives healthier and yours happier.

Unpleasant as it may sound, diseases like diabetes and/or arthritis have become ‘a come-to-stay for good’ in many families, with one or more members struggling to cope with the symptoms that adversely affect the quality of life. In this fast-paced life, a sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating habits are the primary causes of these diseases responsible for an early onset in young adults. Studies suggest a correlation between diabetes and arthritis, primarily due to both having a lot in common. One occurrence leads to the risk of developing the other and vice-versa. Furthermore, these diseases are no longer the diseases of the older generation; they are a wake-up call for aggressive measures to spread awareness among the masses about preventing, controlling, and managing these diseases. This requires a concerted effort, in form and spirit, from every section of society.

This blog discusses how one can make a difference in enabling the healthy living of their loved ones. 

Make Health a Priority

Living a healthy life cannot be a once-in-a-while affair. It takes a continuous and conscious effort towards a routine that incorporates a healthy diet, physical activity and exercise, abstinence from harmful consumption, routine health checkups, and stress management. Make it a priority, never to be compromised with. 

Disease management and control of diabetes and arthritis require weight loss, diet control and physical activities. These diseases are progressive and chronic that often adversely affect the overall well-being of an individual, if left unaddressed. Prevention becomes a necessity and advisable to avoid their exacerbation.

Creating an atmosphere of health consciousness through thoughtful considerations goes a long way in spreading awareness of healthy living. Whether cutting on carbs, hitting the gym, taking up sports that help stay fit, quitting unhealthy habits, scheduling mealtime, cutting down on screen time and adding more to physical activities, engaging in mindfulness and meditation practices, encourage your family to prioritize it. Help them go one step at a time and appreciate their efforts towards achieving that goal. Motivate them to stick to it when they slip back to earlier habits.

Acknowledging their little efforts and helping them achieve what they set out for could be done in several ways-

• Planning and adhering to a diet that adds high nutritional value with more protein, healthy fats, whole grains, and leafy vegetables, ensuring sugar level control.
• Helping schedule their exercise regime, incorporating strengthening, flexibility, and/or balance-promoting exercises.
• Being the support system for those trying to quit unhealthy habits without condemning them for those habits.
• Staying positive and encouraging positivity when helping your loved ones cope with difficulty prioritizing their health, especially weight loss.
• Helping them understand and explore ways to be informed and aware of the importance of good health, the various therapies, treatment modalities, and practices that help maintain good health.
• Encouraging and convincing elder relatives to go for regular and annual health checkups. Helping them shed inhibitions, if any, regarding such health checkups.

Gifts to support the well-being of your loved ones

This new year, take a step towards supporting the well-being of those around you with actions that boost their healthy spirits and living.

From fitness tools to health checkup schedules and testing kits to health coverages, add meaning to the gifts that show your love and care. Gifting ideas could be limitless when it comes to ensuring the healthy living of your loved ones.

Physical fitness and activity help keep diseases like diabetes and arthritis under control when managed through proper medical intervention. Encouraging your loved ones to stay fit through loving gestures of useful gifts is priceless. 

• Help stay fit and healthy- These gifts could range from a simple pair of sports shoes to a yoga mat, from a foot massager to a foldable treadmill, from a healthy food book to diet guides, to name a few.
• Provide a sense of security- Fitness tools like smartwatches for elders, enabling GPS tracking or fall detection, call and texting, and health and fitness tracking provide a sense of security when away from home.
• Protect against medical emergencies- A prepaid annual routine health checkup registration and schedule and medical coverages for the uninsured are timeless gifts of peace of mind against medical emergencies and treatment.
• Monitor health- Self-diagnostic testing kits are thoughtful gifts for diabetic patients needing routine monitoring and sugar level control. Inculcating health discipline, through timely and routine laboratory health checkups, in consultation with one’s healthcare provider also helps diagnose, monitor, control and manage medical conditions.

Gifts encouraging and enabling our loved ones to enjoy their hobbies are equally priceless. Health is not only about physical well-being but also about one’s mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being. Gifts that enable one to pursue one’s interests and hobbies have a far-reaching positive effect on the emotional health of an individual. Being supported to pursue one’s interest is a morale boost, ushering in a sense of being cared for. The ideas and the scope for gifts are limitless. Just be observant about the likes and needs of others, and there are endless options to make them feel special and encouraged. What are gifts, after all, for? An expression of love and a gesture to show you care!

Celebrate Health, Celebrate Life! 

May this New Year be a gateway to a healthier life for you and your loved ones, physically, emotionally, and spiritually. Take advantage of the fun of festive food, celebrations, and the things that make these festivities memorable, but keep things moderate for you and your loved one’s good health and healthy living. Health is the most significant gift, and maintaining and taking care of it is our responsibility, a way to show gratitude for such a timeless gift. Be conscious of your and your loved one’s health, for good health is one of the reasons to celebrate life. Let us make health a priority, our forever commitment, and not just a resolution for the year ahead.

This New Year, Add More To Life for you and your loved ones by enabling healthy living. Gift the timeless joy of good health, a treasure for a healthier life.

Diabetes, a long-term metabolic disorder, is a chronic disease that can affect people of any age. The studies show its upward trend with approx. 537 million people affected worldwide, and around 101 million people in India, which implies that nearly 11.4% of the country’s total population is diabetic. Nearly three decades ago, Type 1 Diabetes was predominant in younger people. But now, the number of young people affected by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has increased exponentially in India, recording nearly 8-10 %. The overall prevalence of prediabetes in the Indian population was estimated at 15.3%, per the studies.

With this severity and onslaught of the disease, diabetes prevention, and control, need a proactive approach and management. Awareness about the disease and the reasons for its prevalence, especially in young people, would enable halting its spread at an early stage through control management and treatment. 

The blog discusses diabetes, covering its types, their incidence in children and young adults, and the needs to control and prevent it through medications and lifestyle changes.

Diabetes- a metabolic disorder

Diabetes is a long-lasting condition of high blood sugar levels in the blood. The pancreas, an organ behind the stomach, is a source of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the body to convert food into energy. It helps the cells to absorb sugar from the blood and convert it into energy. It balances the sugar requirements of the body. 

Sometimes, the pancreas fails to function properly. It stops producing insulin or does not produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar, or the insulin produced is not effectively used by the cells, known as insulin resistance. Any of the condition results in the storage of glucose in the blood, causing diabetes. Diabetes affects the metabolism of the person, i.e., the way the body converts food into energy.

Types of Diabetes 

Diabetes presents various challenges, and it becomes more challenging when it affects children and young adults. However, early diagnosis of diabetes helps manage it effectively through medication and lifestyle changes, depending on the type of diabetes. The types of diabetes that affect young adults are-

• Type 1 Diabetes (Type 1D) – Type 1D is an autoimmune disease where the pancreas stops producing insulin or produces insufficient insulin to regulate blood sugar. Type 1D is also known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes. It generally occurs in childhood or adolescence but may occur in adults.
• Type 2 Diabetes (Type 2D) – When the body fails to use the insulin properly, there is glucose build up in the blood. The cells do not react to insulin as they should in absorbing the glucose to convert food into energy. They become insulin resistant. Type 2D is a slow-developing condition with its symptoms progressing over time. But if left untreated, it has severe implications that could damage the cells in the long run. The body turns to tissues, muscles, and fat for energy, eventually damaging them. The condition severely affects the kidneys, eyes, heart, gums, and extremities. It is hereditary. Hence, people with a family history are at the risk of acquiring it. Prediabetes and metabolic syndrome (a group of conditions like high blood pressure and high cholesterol) are also responsible for Type 2D.
• Gestational Diabetes – Gestational Diabetes is diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy. The blood sugar levels rise and affect how the cells absorb glucose. This condition is during the pregnancy and the glucose generally attains its usual level after the pregnancy. Excessive weight gain and hormone changes in a pregnant woman may be responsible for this condition.
• Maturity- Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) – MODY is a type of diabetes caused by a mutation in a single gene. When a child inherits this mutation from one of his parents, there are chances of his developing MODY at an early age, irrespective of his weight or lifestyle. It is different from Type 1D and Type 2D. It is rare and often mistaken for the other two types of diabetes. Diagnosing the condition early is necessary for its proper and timely management. There are different types of MODY. As an inherited form of diabetes mellitus, it is unfortunate for those young adults who are affected by it in the prime of their lives.

Incidence of Type 1D in young adults

The incidence of Type 1D is high in children, with family history, age, or genetics acting as contributing factors. The number of cases of Type1D reported as per studies in children under 14 is approx. 96,500, with nearly 15,900 new additions to the group every year. This data and the emerging surge of Type1D young patients is of concern as-

• The health complications associated with the disease include damage to the heart, and heart vessels, kidney, nervous system, skin, eyes and/or pregnancy complications.
• The disease does not have a known cause or any cure. The patient is dependent on insulin administration for a lifetime for survival. In light of this, monitoring, control, and management of the disease take utmost preference. 

Incidence of Type 2D in young adults

Type 2D was earlier called adult-onset diabetes, but now it also affects children and young adults. The factors responsible for the early onset of diabetes are attributed to childhood obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical activity, stress, depression, and unhealthy habits. This is alarming as there are rising cases of Type 2D in young people who have years ahead of living managing insulin resistance. The youth onset of Type 2D is different than the adult-onset of this diabetes. In youth, the disease progresses aggressively, and they are at a higher risk of developing early complications if not treated timely. The good news is that Type 2D is preventable through proper control and management. 

Since Type 2D is preventable, efforts in the right direction can yield positive results in preventing the disease from aggravating. This could be achieved through diabetes diagnosis, regular monitoring of health through diabetes testing, rigorous control and management with medications, and positive lifestyle changes that would incorporate healthy eating, regular exercises, weight loss, and stress management through meditation or other alternate modalities.

Incidence of Gestational Diabetes in women

There is a high prevalence of gestational diabetes in India, as reported. The reasons are a lack of awareness about the condition, insufficient resource allocation, and high hesitance for medical help from large sections of society. Estimates show that nearly 4 million women are affected by gestational diabetes at any time.

High sugar levels in a pregnant woman can cause complications in pregnancy and affect her and the baby’s health. Women with unmanaged or poorly managed gestational diabetes will likely have high sugar levels, leading to type 2D in the long run. The condition is more of a concern since it may cause complications to the baby’s health. This may include the baby being overweight at birth, having early birth, low blood sugar levels, breathing difficulties, chances of future obesity and Type 2D in the baby.

Women planning pregnancy must consult their healthcare provider and manage their blood sugar levels to avoid developing gestational diabetes. They must ensure regular check-ups, adequate monitoring, and control through diet, doctor-prescribed exercises, and medications.

Conclusion-Emerging Health Crisis

Diabetes is chronic and no longer a disease in adults. The young generation is at the potential risk of severe and life-threatening complications if not managed and controlled timely and adequately. The incidence of diabetes is detrimental to the health of an individual. It is more in the cases of young patients. The reason is the disease is highly progressive in youth.

Diabetes in young people is an emerging health crisis. It has raised its head, and the statistics justify the concern and need for exploring preventive methods and developing new treatment options so that these young people can experience better and healthier lives. In the meantime, timely diagnosis, regular monitoring, stringent control, and management of the condition appropriately through medications and lifestyle changes must never be compromised.

References

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37069712/
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65852551
https://www.indianpediatrics.net/mar2019/mar-189-190.htm
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20353011
https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/diabetes.html
https://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes#causes

Imagine a scenario where the very bones that support your body’s structure and facilitate your every movement start deteriorating silently, leaving you in excruciating pain and impairing your mobility. Unfortunately, this is the harsh reality faced by those who suffer from avascular necrosis. This condition stealthily attacks the bones and joints, causing irreparable damage. But fear not, for in this article, we will delve into the depths of avascular necrosis, unravelling its enigma and shedding light on its symptoms, causes, and treatment options.

What is Avascular Necrosis? 
Avascular necrosis, also known as osteonecrosis, is a condition that affects the bones and joints, caused by a disruption in blood flow. The lack of blood supply leads to the death of bone tissue, resulting in pain, limited mobility, and potential joint damage. Avascular necrosis can affect joints such as the hips, knees, shoulders, and ankles. Therefore, understanding the symptoms of this condition is essential for early detection and effective management.

Symptoms of Avascular Necrosis
The symptoms of avascular necrosis can vary depending on the affected joint. However, there are common signs that individuals may experience. Joint pain and stiffness are some of the most prominent symptoms. This pain may worsen with weight-bearing activities and can restrict movement. One may experience limited range of motion and difficulty walking. Due to joint pain and stiffness, individuals may find it challenging to perform everyday tasks.

In the case of hip avascular necrosis, the pain might be felt in the groin area and can radiate to the buttocks or thighs. This can cause difficulty in walking or even standing for prolonged periods. Knee avascular necrosis may result in swelling and pain in the knee joint, making it challenging to bend or straighten the leg fully. Shoulder avascular necrosis can cause pain during arm movement and may limit the ability to lift objects. Ankle avascular necrosis can lead to pain, tenderness, and difficulty bearing weight on the affected foot.

Causes of Avascular Necrosis 
Avascular necrosis can occur due to various factors. One of the primary causes is an injury, such as a fracture or dislocation, which disrupts the blood supply to the bone. Diseases like sickle cell anaemia, lupus, and HIV/AIDS can also increase the risk of avascular necrosis by affecting blood circulation or causing inflammation. Additionally, certain medications, such as corticosteroids, can contribute to the development of avascular necrosis by interfering with blood flow to the bones.

Excessive alcohol consumption is another significant risk factor for avascular necrosis. Prolonged alcohol abuse can weaken bones and decrease blood flow, increasing the chances of developing this condition. Other risk factors include smoking, radiation therapy, and certain medical conditions that require organ transplantation.

Diagnosis of Avascular Necrosis 
Diagnosing avascular necrosis involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. First, the doctor will inquire about the symptoms experienced, medical history, and potential risk factors. Physical examination may involve assessing joint mobility, tenderness, and signs of inflammation.

Imaging tests play a crucial role in the diagnosis of avascular necrosis. X-rays can help detect bone structure changes and reveal bone damage areas. However, the early stages of avascular necrosis may not be visible on X-rays. The health provider may recommend advanced imaging techniques like MRI or CT scans. These tests provide detailed images of the affected area and can help determine the extent of bone damage.

Blood tests might also be conducted to rule out other underlying medical conditions that mimic avascular necrosis symptoms. These tests can help assess overall health and identify any underlying factors contributing to the condition.

Treatment of Avascular Necrosis
The treatment approach for avascular necrosis depends on multiple factors, including the affected joint, the stage of the disease, and the underlying cause. Early detection is crucial as it offers the best chances for successful treatment.

Non-surgical treatment options may be recommended for individuals in the early stages of avascular necrosis or those with mild symptoms. Medications can also help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.

Physical therapy aims to improve joint function, reduce pain, and increase mobility. Therapeutic exercises and stretches can help strengthen the surrounding muscles, supporting the affected joint. In addition, assistive devices, such as crutches or canes, may be recommended to reduce pressure on the joint during weight-bearing activities.

Surgical intervention may be required in advanced stages or cases where non-surgical treatments fail to provide relief. Joint-preserving surgeries, such as core decompression or bone grafting, aim to improve blood supply and prevent further bone damage. In a few severe cases, joint replacement may be required to replace the damaged joint with a prosthetic one.

Lifestyle Changes and Self-Care for Avascular Necrosis 
In addition to medical treatments, lifestyle changes, and self-care measures can help manage avascular necrosis and improve overall health. Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial, as excess weight can stress the affected joints. In addition, following a balanced diet that includes adequate nutrients for bone health, such as calcium and vitamin D, is essential.
Avoiding alcohol and smoking is highly recommended, as they can exacerbate the condition and hinder healing. Under a healthcare professional’s guidance, regular exercise can help strengthen muscles, maintain joint flexibility, and improve overall well-being. Low-impact activities like cycling or swimming are often recommended to minimize joint stress.

Conclusion 
Avascular necrosis is a condition that can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options is crucial for early detection and effective management. Timely medical intervention, lifestyle changes, and self-care measures can help control pain, improve functionality, and prevent the bones from further damage. If you experience persistent joint pain, stiffness, or difficulty in movement, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional.

References:
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14205-avascular-necrosis-osteonecrosis
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/avascular-necrosis
https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteonecrosis
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/avascular-necrosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369859
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/333364-treatment
https://www.healthline.com/health/avascular-necrosis-osteonecrosis